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In October 2008, the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act unanimously became federal law. Among its many provisions, for the first time, it gives all states the option to use funds through Federal Title IV-E of the Social Security Act (Title IV-E) to finance guardianship assistance -- otherwise known as subsidized guardianship -- to enable children in the care of grandparents and other relatives to exit foster care into permanent homes.

ASPE Brief - The Title IV-E Guardianship Assistance Program (GAP)

Use of Guardianship is Growing, but Lags Adoption Assistance and is Unevenly Used Across States

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Brief developed by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services which summarizes facts about the program’s implementation as of March 2026, using the most recent publicly available caseload data through FY23. May 2026

5 Ways to Correct the Misunderstanding that ASFA Prioritizes Adoption over Guardianship

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Article by the ABA Section on Litigation clarifying the misunderstanding that the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) creates a legal preference for adoption over all other permanency options, including guardianship, when reunification is determined to no longer be feasible.

Exploring the Role of Guardianship in Effective and Equitable Permanency

Report on the Professional Interview Study

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This brief by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, School of Social Work, reports on a professional interview study on subsidized guardianship, to help both increase permanency rates and reduce racial disparity. The study includes the circumstances in which guardianship is considered, challenges to achieving permanency through guardianship, and the role of race. March 2023.

Leveraging the Family First Prevention Services Act to Improve Use of Title IV-E GAP

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This second in a series of Family First briefs focuses on Leveraging the Family First Prevention Services Act to Improve Use of Title IV-E GAP in states and tribes.  This brief contains an analysis on the impact of this new law on GAP  and provides action steps to promote its use for children in relative care.

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